{"source":"Financial ERP functions and features most commonly offered by Ellucian Banner Finance, Ellucian Colleague Finance, Oracle PeopleSoft FSCM, Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP and Workday Financial Management, as identified by Claude, Perplexity and Grok and reconciled into one set. src: C = Claude, P = Perplexity, G = Grok. Levels: area > functional area > function > feature.","scope":"Covers institutional finance ERP, plus student accounts and financial aid only as they post to the general ledger and payroll only as costing into funds, grants, and projects; pre-award research administration and donor/advancement systems are treated as companion systems.","vendors":["Ellucian Banner Finance","Ellucian Colleague Finance","Oracle PeopleSoft FSCM","Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP","Workday Financial Management"],"groups":[{"k":"F","name":"Financial foundations","ds":["1","2"],"desc":"The chart, the ledgers and the close that every other finance function posts into."},{"k":"P","name":"Purchasing, revenue and cash","ds":["3","4","5","6"],"desc":"Buying and paying, billing and collecting, and managing the cash in between."},{"k":"R","name":"Restricted funds, assets and planning","ds":["7","8","9","10","11"],"desc":"Grants, gifts, endowments, capital, labor costing and the budget that controls them."},{"k":"E","name":"Assurance and shared enablers","ds":["12","13","14"],"desc":"Reporting, audit evidence, workflow, integration and security that every other area relies on."}],"domains":[{"n":"1","name":"Chart and fund structure","desc":"Defines the accounting dimensions, fund structure, hierarchies, and entity model used to classify every transaction.","caps":[{"id":"1.1","n":"Chart of accounts design","subs":[{"id":"1.1.1","n":"Multi-segment accounting string","d":"Classifies transactions across configurable dimensions such as fund, organization, account, program, activity, and location.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.1.2","n":"Fund accounting dimension","d":"Tracks each fund as a self-balancing set of accounts with its own restriction and source attributes.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.1.3","n":"Organization hierarchy","d":"Rolls departments up to colleges, divisions, and campuses for ownership, approval, and reporting.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.1.4","n":"Natural account hierarchy","d":"Groups revenue, expense, asset, liability, and net position accounts into reporting rollups.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.1.5","n":"Functional expense classification","d":"Tags expenses by function such as instruction, research, public service, and institutional support for external reporting.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC190"]},{"id":"1.2","n":"Hierarchy and rollup management","subs":[{"id":"1.2.1","n":"Effective-dated hierarchies","d":"Keeps the history of reorganizations so prior-period reports roll up the way they did at the time.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.2.2","n":"Alternate reporting hierarchies","d":"Lets the same values roll up differently for management, external, and sponsor reporting.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"1.2.3","n":"Net asset and net position mapping","d":"Maps funds to donor-restricted, board-designated, or unrestricted classes, or to GASB net position categories.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC211"]},{"id":"1.3","n":"Chart value governance","subs":[{"id":"1.3.1","n":"Combination edit rules","d":"Blocks invalid combinations of accounting segments at entry.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.3.2","n":"Chart value request workflow","d":"Routes requests for new funds, organizations, or accounts through review and approval before activation.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.3.3","n":"Value inactivation and successor mapping","d":"Retires chart values and points open transactions and defaults to replacement values.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.3.4","n":"Attribute-based default derivation","d":"Fills related accounting segments automatically from a single entered value such as a grant or cost center.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.3.5","n":"Crosswalk and alias maintenance","d":"Legacy account to new chart, for migration and reporting","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC143"},{"id":"1.3.6","n":"Fund lifecycle management","d":"Open, suspend, transfer, and close funds subject to balance checks and transaction eligibility rules.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.3.7","n":"Account combination validation","d":"Reject invalid combinations of funds, organizations, accounts, grants, projects, and other dimensions.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC143"]},{"id":"1.4","n":"Entity and ledger structure","subs":[{"id":"1.4.1","n":"Multi-entity ledgers","d":"Runs separate legal entities or campuses in one system with their own ledgers and calendars.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.2","n":"Automatic due-to and due-from balancing","d":"Generates balancing entries when a transaction crosses funds or entities.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.3","n":"Component unit and affiliate structure","d":"Holds foundations, hospitals, or auxiliaries as related entities for blended or discrete presentation.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.4","n":"Multi-currency accounting","d":"Records foreign-currency transactions and revalues balances at period-end rates.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.5","n":"Secondary and statistical ledgers","d":"Keeps parallel ledgers for alternate accounting bases, statistics, or sponsor reporting.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.6","n":"Multiple accounting bases","d":"Maintain parallel books or accounting adjustments for statutory, management, and other required accounting bases.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"1.4.7","n":"Grant and plant inception-to-date ledgers","d":"Life-of-award and life-of-project balances that do not roll with the fiscal year","cls":"Core","src":["G"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249"]}]},{"n":"2","name":"General accounting and close","desc":"Records journals, internal charges, allocations, reconciliations, and the period and year-end close.","caps":[{"id":"2.1","n":"Journal processing","subs":[{"id":"2.1.1","n":"Manual journal entry with attachments","d":"Creates balanced journals with supporting documents and routes them for approval.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.2","n":"Recurring and template journals","d":"Generates scheduled journals from saved templates.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.3","n":"Accrual and auto-reversing journals","d":"Posts period-end accruals that reverse automatically in the next period.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.4","n":"Spreadsheet journal upload","d":"Loads high-volume journals from a validated spreadsheet template.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.5","n":"Subledger accounting rules engine","d":"Converts subledger events into GL entries through configurable posting rules.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.6","n":"Approval workflow on journals","d":"Threshold and account-based approval with audit","cls":"Core","src":["G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.1.7","n":"Journal correction traceability","d":"Link corrected and reversed entries to original postings without overwriting posted accounting history.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249"]},{"id":"2.2","n":"Internal transactions","subs":[{"id":"2.2.1","n":"Internal billing and recharges","d":"Charges internal customers for goods and services from service centers and recharge units.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"2.2.2","n":"Cost transfers and expenditure corrections","d":"Moves posted expenses between accounting strings while keeping a link to the original transaction.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.2.3","n":"Allocations","d":"Spreads pooled costs or revenues across funds and units by fixed, statistical, or step-down bases.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.2.4","n":"Interfund transfers","d":"Records transfers between funds with automatic balancing and transfer-type classification.","cls":"Core","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.2.5","n":"Service center rate development","d":"Calculates recharge rates from cost pools and usage and tracks surplus or deficit against federal rate rules.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC188"]},{"id":"2.3","n":"Period and year-end close","subs":[{"id":"2.3.1","n":"Period control by ledger and module","d":"Opens and closes accounting periods separately for each subledger and the GL.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.3.2","n":"Fiscal year-end close","d":"Closes revenue and expense to fund balance or net position and carries balances forward.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.3.3","n":"Adjustment periods","d":"Provides post-close periods for audit and year-end adjustments without reopening the year.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.3.4","n":"Close task management","d":"Tracks close tasks, owners, dependencies, and completion status in a checklist.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249"]},{"id":"2.4","n":"Reconciliation","subs":[{"id":"2.4.1","n":"Subledger-to-GL reconciliation","d":"Compares subledger balances with control accounts and reports differences.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.4.2","n":"Balance sheet account reconciliation","d":"Matches account detail, records reconciling items, and captures preparer and reviewer sign-off.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.4.3","n":"Intercompany reconciliation","d":"Matches due-to and due-from balances across entities and flags mismatches.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC192"]},{"id":"2.5","n":"Consolidation and financial statements","subs":[{"id":"2.5.1","n":"Consolidation and eliminations","d":"Combines entity ledgers and eliminates intercompany activity.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.5.2","n":"GASB statement support","d":"Produces net position, revenues-expenses-changes, and direct-method cash flow statements for public institutions.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.5.3","n":"FASB not-for-profit statement support","d":"Produces statements by donor restriction, with functional-by-natural expense analysis and liquidity disclosure.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.5.4","n":"Statement of cash flows support","d":"Classifies activity by cash flow category to support statement preparation.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"}],"herm":["BC249","BC211"]},{"id":"2.6","n":"AI-assisted accounting","subs":[{"id":"2.6.1","n":"Journal anomaly detection","d":"Flags unusual journals by amount, account, timing, or user pattern for review.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC144"},{"id":"2.6.2","n":"Generated variance narratives","d":"Drafts flux and variance explanations from balance changes for accountant review.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC249"},{"id":"2.6.3","n":"ML-assisted reconciliation matching","d":"Proposes matches for reconciling items using learned patterns.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC144"}],"herm":["BC249","BC144"]}]},{"n":"3","name":"Procurement","desc":"Manages requisitions, sourcing, contracts, purchase orders, receiving, suppliers, and purchasing cards.","caps":[{"id":"3.1","n":"Requisitioning","subs":[{"id":"3.1.1","n":"Requisition with split funding","d":"Creates purchase requests charged to one or more accounting strings by percent or amount.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.1.2","n":"Punch-out and hosted catalogs","d":"Lets requesters shop supplier catalogs and return contracted pricing to the requisition.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.1.3","n":"Non-catalog request forms","d":"Captures free-form and service requests with category-specific questions.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.1.4","n":"Guided buying","d":"Steers requesters to the right channel, contract, or form based on what they are buying.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"}],"herm":["BC193"]},{"id":"3.2","n":"Sourcing and contracts","subs":[{"id":"3.2.1","n":"Solicitation management","d":"Runs RFQs, RFPs, and bids with supplier responses, scoring, and award.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.2.2","n":"Supplier contracts and agreements","d":"Stores contracts with pricing, terms, and spend limits and links them to orders.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC156"},{"id":"3.2.3","n":"Statutory procurement thresholds","d":"Enforces bid limits, small-purchase rules, and required competition methods for public or federal funds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.2.4","n":"AI contract term extraction","d":"Pulls key dates, pricing, and clauses from contract documents into structured fields.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC156"}],"herm":["BC193","BC156"]},{"id":"3.3","n":"Purchase orders","subs":[{"id":"3.3.1","n":"PO creation, dispatch, and change orders","d":"Generates purchase orders, sends them to suppliers, and versions later changes.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.3.2","n":"Blanket and standing orders","d":"Sets up release-based or term orders with a not-to-exceed amount.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.3.3","n":"Sponsored-funds purchase checks","d":"Checks allowability, award dates, and flow-down requirements when an order is charged to a grant.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.3.4","n":"PO close and liquidation","d":"Closes orders and releases remaining encumbrance manually or automatically.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"}],"herm":["BC193"]},{"id":"3.4","n":"Receiving","subs":[{"id":"3.4.1","n":"Goods and services receipt","d":"Records quantity or amount received to support matching and accruals.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.4.2","n":"Desktop receiving and returns","d":"Lets requesters confirm receipt and process returns to suppliers.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"}],"herm":["BC193"]},{"id":"3.5","n":"Supplier management","subs":[{"id":"3.5.1","n":"Supplier self-registration portal","d":"Lets suppliers onboard, maintain profiles, and view orders and payments.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.5.2","n":"Tax identity validation","d":"Collects W-9 or W-8 data and validates tax IDs before activation.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"3.5.3","n":"Supplier diversity classification","d":"Records small, minority, women-owned, and veteran-owned status for spend reporting.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.5.4","n":"Debarment and sanctions screening","d":"Checks suppliers against exclusion and sanctions lists at onboarding and periodically.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.5.5","n":"Supplier risk scoring","d":"Combines financial, compliance, and performance signals into a supplier risk rating.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC168"}],"herm":["BC193","BC168","BC191"]},{"id":"3.6","n":"Purchasing card","subs":[{"id":"3.6.1","n":"Card transaction load and reallocation","d":"Imports bank card transactions and lets cardholders reassign accounting and attach receipts.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"},{"id":"3.6.2","n":"Card program controls","d":"Manages cardholder limits, merchant category blocks, and reviewer sign-off.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"}],"herm":["BC193","BC187"]},{"id":"3.7","n":"Central stores inventory","subs":[{"id":"3.7.1","n":"Stockroom inventory and issue","d":"Tracks on-hand stock in central stores and charges departments when items are issued.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC193"}],"herm":["BC193","BC254"]}]},{"n":"4","name":"Payables and expenses","desc":"Processes supplier invoices, payments, tax reporting, and employee and non-employee reimbursements.","caps":[{"id":"4.1","n":"Invoice processing","subs":[{"id":"4.1.1","n":"Two- and three-way matching","d":"Matches invoices to purchase orders and receipts within tolerances.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.1.2","n":"Invoice capture and e-invoicing","d":"Reads invoice data from scans, email, or supplier e-invoice networks.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.1.3","n":"Non-PO payment requests","d":"Pays approved requests that do not require a purchase order, such as honoraria, refunds, and memberships.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.1.4","n":"Duplicate invoice detection","d":"Flags invoices that match earlier invoices by supplier, number, amount, or date.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.1.5","n":"Invoice holds and exceptions","d":"Places and routes holds for price, quantity, budget, or compliance exceptions.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.1.6","n":"AI invoice coding","d":"Suggests accounting and matches for non-PO invoices from past patterns.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC144"},{"id":"4.1.7","n":"Supplier credits and adjustments","d":"Apply credit memos, debit adjustments, and corrections to outstanding supplier liabilities.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC187"}],"herm":["BC187","BC144"]},{"id":"4.2","n":"Payment execution","subs":[{"id":"4.2.1","n":"Multi-method payment runs","d":"Pays by check, ACH, wire, and virtual card with scheduled payment batches.","cls":"Core","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.2.2","n":"Positive pay","d":"Sends issued-check files to the bank to prevent fraudulent check clearing.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"4.2.3","n":"Void, reissue, and unclaimed property","d":"Handles stale checks, voids, reissues, and escheatment to the state.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.2.4","n":"Discount capture","d":"Times payments to take early-payment discounts.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.2.5","n":"Supplier bank change verification","d":"Requires verification and approval before supplier banking details change.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"4.2.6","n":"Remittance advice","d":"Provide payees with payment references and the invoices or expenses settled.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC187"}],"herm":["BC187","BC192"]},{"id":"4.3","n":"Payables tax and regulatory","subs":[{"id":"4.3.1","n":"1099 reporting","d":"Tracks reportable payments and produces IRS 1099 filings.","cls":"Core","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"4.3.2","n":"Nonresident withholding","d":"Applies treaty-based withholding on payments to foreign persons and supports 1042-S reporting.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"4.3.3","n":"Use and sales tax accrual","d":"Calculates and accrues tax owed on purchases where the supplier did not charge it.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"4.3.4","n":"VAT recovery and returns","d":"Calculates recoverable VAT and supports digital VAT returns for UK institutions.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC191"}],"herm":["BC191","BC187"]},{"id":"4.4","n":"Travel and expense","subs":[{"id":"4.4.1","n":"Expense reports with receipt capture","d":"Lets employees submit expenses from web or mobile with photographed receipts.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.4.2","n":"Travel authorization and advances","d":"Pre-approves trips and issues cash advances that reconcile against later expense reports.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC195"},{"id":"4.4.3","n":"Per diem and policy rules","d":"Applies per diem rates, limits, and policy checks during expense entry.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC195"},{"id":"4.4.4","n":"Sponsored travel rules","d":"Enforces federal travel requirements such as U.S.-flag carrier rules on grant-funded trips.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC195"},{"id":"4.4.5","n":"Non-employee reimbursement","d":"Reimburses guests, candidates, and students without creating them as employees.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.4.6","n":"Corporate card integration","d":"Imports travel card charges into expense reports for reconciliation.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC195"}],"herm":["BC187","BC195"]},{"id":"4.5","n":"Participant and individual payments","subs":[{"id":"4.5.1","n":"Research participant payments","d":"Pays study subjects by cash, card, or gift card while limiting personal data exposure and tracking tax thresholds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"},{"id":"4.5.2","n":"Honoraria and stipend payments","d":"Pays honoraria and non-payroll stipends with tax-status checks.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC187"}],"herm":["BC187","BC191"]}]},{"n":"5","name":"Billing and receivables","desc":"Bills non-student customers, collects receivables, and posts student account and financial aid activity to the general ledger.","caps":[{"id":"5.1","n":"Customer billing","subs":[{"id":"5.1.1","n":"Customer master","d":"Maintains external customers with contacts, terms, and credit limits.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.1.2","n":"Departmental invoicing","d":"Lets departments bill external customers for goods, services, and facility use.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.1.3","n":"Recurring and installment billing","d":"Generates scheduled invoices for leases, contracts, and payment plans.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.1.4","n":"Revenue recognition schedules","d":"Spreads contract revenue over performance periods under applicable standards.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.1.5","n":"Third-party and corporate sponsorship billing","d":"Sponsor students and contract training","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC188"}],"herm":["BC188"]},{"id":"5.2","n":"Collections","subs":[{"id":"5.2.1","n":"Cash application","d":"Applies receipts to invoices using remittance matching rules.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.2.2","n":"Aging and dunning","d":"Ages receivables and sends staged collection notices.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.2.3","n":"Write-offs and allowance","d":"Writes off uncollectible balances and calculates the allowance for doubtful accounts.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.2.4","n":"Agency referral and state offset","d":"Sends delinquent accounts to collection agencies or state tax offset programs.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.2.5","n":"Receivable dispute management","d":"Track disputed invoices, assigned owners, supporting documents, and resolution outcomes.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC188"}],"herm":["BC188","BC191"]},{"id":"5.3","n":"Student account GL posting","subs":[{"id":"5.3.1","n":"Student charge and payment feed","d":"Summarizes student tuition, fee, and payment activity into GL entries by detail code mapping.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC246"},{"id":"5.3.2","n":"Term-based deferred revenue","d":"Defers and recognizes tuition and fee revenue for terms that span fiscal years.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.3.3","n":"Scholarship allowance","d":"Nets institutional aid against tuition revenue as a discount and allowance for reporting.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"5.3.4","n":"Student receivable and refund accounting","d":"Carries student receivable and credit balance liabilities and posts refund disbursements.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC246"},{"id":"5.3.5","n":"1098-T source data handoff","d":"Qualified charges and scholarships from the student ledger","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC246"},{"id":"5.3.6","n":"Student financial control-account reconciliation","d":"Reconcile student-account and aid source totals to institutional receivable, cash, revenue, expense, and clearing accounts.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC246"}],"herm":["BC188","BC246"]},{"id":"5.4","n":"Financial aid GL posting","subs":[{"id":"5.4.1","n":"Aid disbursement posting by fund source","d":"Posts federal, state, institutional, and private aid disbursements to the right funds.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC248"},{"id":"5.4.2","n":"Federal aid drawdown reconciliation","d":"Reconciles federal aid draws and disbursement records against the general ledger.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC248"},{"id":"5.4.3","n":"Return of federal aid accounting","d":"Records returned federal aid and the resulting student balances.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC248"},{"id":"5.4.4","n":"Title IV and scholarship fund control","d":"Aid disbursement clears against institutional funds","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC010"}],"herm":["BC249","BC248","BC010"]}]},{"n":"6","name":"Cash and treasury","desc":"Manages bank accounts, cash receipting, reconciliation, cash forecasting, short-term investment pools, and debt.","caps":[{"id":"6.1","n":"Bank management","subs":[{"id":"6.1.1","n":"Bank account master","d":"Maintains bank accounts, signatories, and GL cash account mappings.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"6.1.2","n":"Bank statement import","d":"Loads prior-day and intraday statements in standard bank formats.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"6.1.3","n":"Automated bank reconciliation","d":"Matches statement lines to system transactions with configurable rules.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC192"}],"herm":["BC192"]},{"id":"6.2","n":"Cash receipting","subs":[{"id":"6.2.1","n":"Departmental deposits","d":"Records departmental deposits with accounting and supporting detail.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"6.2.2","n":"Cashier sessions","d":"Manages cash drawers, tender types, and end-of-day balancing at payment windows.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC192"},{"id":"6.2.3","n":"Merchant settlement reconciliation","d":"Matches card and online payment gateway settlements, fees, and chargebacks to deposits.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC192"}],"herm":["BC192","BC188"]},{"id":"6.3","n":"Cash positioning and forecasting","subs":[{"id":"6.3.1","n":"Daily cash position","d":"Shows current balances and expected flows across bank accounts.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC219"},{"id":"6.3.2","n":"Cash flow forecasting","d":"Projects inflows and outflows from payables, receivables, payroll, and aid schedules.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC219"},{"id":"6.3.3","n":"ML cash forecasting","d":"Predicts cash flows from historical patterns and seasonality.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC144"},{"id":"6.3.4","n":"Cash transfers and pooled cash","d":"Record transfers among bank accounts and allocate pooled cash balances to participating funds.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC219"}],"herm":["BC219","BC144"]},{"id":"6.4","n":"Investments and debt","subs":[{"id":"6.4.1","n":"Short-term pool income allocation","d":"Allocates interest and investment income from the operating cash pool to eligible funds.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"6.4.2","n":"Debt and bond accounting","d":"Tracks bond issues, debt service schedules, premiums, and discounts.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC219"},{"id":"6.4.3","n":"Tax-exempt bond compliance","d":"Tracks use of bond proceeds and arbitrage rebate calculations.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC219"},{"id":"6.4.4","n":"Debt covenant evidence","d":"Retain covenant calculations, restricted cash balances, and compliance support for institutional borrowings.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC219"},{"id":"6.4.5","n":"Investment and custody ledger reconciliation","d":"Reconcile externally managed investment balances, income, fees, and valuation activity to institutional books.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC199"}],"herm":["BC199","BC219"]}]},{"n":"7","name":"Grants and sponsored projects","desc":"Manages post-award financial setup, cost control, sponsor billing, and compliance for externally funded projects.","caps":[{"id":"7.1","n":"Award setup","subs":[{"id":"7.1.1","n":"Award and project structure","d":"Models awards with multiple projects, tasks, funding sources, and principal investigators.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.1.2","n":"Award budget by period and category","d":"Holds sponsor-approved budgets by budget period and cost category.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.1.3","n":"Sponsor and award attributes","d":"Records sponsor, prime sponsor, assistance listing number, award terms, and dates.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.1.4","n":"Award modifications","d":"Records amendments to amounts, dates, and terms with version history.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.1.5","n":"At-risk and advance accounts","d":"Lets spending start before the award is signed, with institutional guarantee tracking.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.1.6","n":"Proposal-to-award handoff","d":"Brings award data from the companion pre-award system to avoid re-entry.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC073"}],"herm":["BC215","BC073"]},{"id":"7.2","n":"Sponsored cost management","subs":[{"id":"7.2.1","n":"Allowability rules","d":"Blocks or flags charges that are unallowable for the sponsor or award.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.2.2","n":"Indirect cost calculation","d":"Calculates facilities and administrative costs from rate schedules, bases, and exclusions.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.2.3","n":"Cost sharing tracking","d":"Records mandatory and voluntary committed cost share against awards.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.2.4","n":"Subaward management","d":"Tracks subrecipient agreements, invoices, and spending against obligations.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.2.5","n":"Program income tracking","d":"Records income generated by awards and its permitted use.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.2.6","n":"Sponsored cost transfer controls","d":"Requires justification and enforces timing rules for transfers onto awards.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"}],"herm":["BC073","BC194"]},{"id":"7.3","n":"Sponsor billing and revenue","subs":[{"id":"7.3.1","n":"Cost-reimbursable invoicing","d":"Generates sponsor invoices from eligible expenditures in sponsor-required formats.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"7.3.2","n":"Letter-of-credit draws","d":"Calculates and records draws from federal payment systems.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.3.3","n":"Milestone and fixed-price billing","d":"Bills on deliverables, schedules, or fixed amounts.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC188"},{"id":"7.3.4","n":"Sponsored revenue recognition","d":"Recognizes award revenue as allowable costs are incurred or as conditions are met.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.3.5","n":"Fixed-price residual handling","d":"Moves unspent balances on completed fixed-price awards to residual funds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"}],"herm":["BC073","BC188"]},{"id":"7.4","n":"Sponsored compliance and closeout","subs":[{"id":"7.4.1","n":"Effort certification","d":"Collects certifications that salary charged to awards matches effort worked.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.4.2","n":"Federal financial report support","d":"Produces the data needed for federal financial status reports.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.4.3","n":"Schedule of federal awards","d":"Produces the schedule of federal award expenditures for the single audit.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC170"},{"id":"7.4.4","n":"Award closeout","d":"Tracks closeout tasks, final invoices, and final reports and inactivates the award.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.4.5","n":"Investigator portfolio view","d":"Shows principal investigators their awards, balances, burn rates, and projections.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.4.6","n":"UK research costing","d":"Supports full economic costing and TRAC reporting for UK research.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"7.4.7","n":"AI award term extraction","d":"Pulls budgets, dates, and restrictions from award documents for setup review.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"}],"herm":["BC073","BC212","BC170"]}]},{"n":"8","name":"Gifts and endowments","desc":"Accounts for gifts received from the advancement companion system, donor restrictions, endowment pools, and split-interest agreements.","caps":[{"id":"8.1","n":"Gift accounting","subs":[{"id":"8.1.1","n":"Gift posting from advancement","d":"Posts gift receipts recorded in the advancement system to the right funds.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC253"},{"id":"8.1.2","n":"Pledge receivables","d":"Records pledges with present-value discounts and allowances.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC253"},{"id":"8.1.3","n":"Donor restriction tracking and release","d":"Tracks purpose and time restrictions and releases them when conditions are met.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC253"},{"id":"8.1.4","n":"Restricted spending checks","d":"Checks spending against the gift's restricted purpose.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC253"}],"herm":["BC249","BC253"]},{"id":"8.2","n":"Endowment pool management","subs":[{"id":"8.2.1","n":"Endowment fund master","d":"Records each endowment's corpus, donor intent, type, and spending account.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.2.2","n":"Unitized pool accounting","d":"Manages pool units, unit market value, additions, and withdrawals.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.2.3","n":"Spending distribution","d":"Calculates and posts annual payout under the spending policy.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.2.4","n":"Underwater endowment tracking","d":"Identifies funds below original gift value and applies spending limits.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.2.5","n":"Quasi-endowments and board designations","d":"Tracks funds the board has designated to function as endowment.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.2.6","n":"Investment return and fee allocation","d":"Allocate pool income, gains, losses, and fees to participating endowment funds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC199"}],"herm":["BC199","BC253"]},{"id":"8.3","n":"Split-interest and custodial funds","subs":[{"id":"8.3.1","n":"Split-interest agreements","d":"Accounts for annuities and trusts with beneficiary liabilities and actuarial revaluation.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.3.2","n":"Custodial and agency funds","d":"Holds money for others, such as student groups or affiliates, as fiduciary or custodial balances.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC199"},{"id":"8.3.3","n":"Affiliated foundation transfers","d":"Records gift transfers from a separate foundation to institutional funds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC199"}],"herm":["BC199","BC249"]}]},{"n":"9","name":"Assets and capital projects","desc":"Manages fixed assets, leases and subscriptions, sponsor-owned equipment, and construction projects through capitalization.","caps":[{"id":"9.1","n":"Fixed asset lifecycle","subs":[{"id":"9.1.1","n":"Capitalization from purchasing and payables","d":"Creates assets from qualifying purchases above class thresholds.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.1.2","n":"Depreciation","d":"Calculates depreciation by asset class, method, useful life, and convention.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.1.3","n":"Transfers and disposals","d":"Records transfers, retirements, sales, and surplus with gain or loss.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.1.4","n":"Physical inventory and tagging","d":"Supports tagging, barcode or mobile scanning, and inventory certification.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.1.5","n":"Collections and non-depreciable assets","d":"Tracks art, historical collections, and land without depreciation.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC197"}],"herm":["BC197"]},{"id":"9.2","n":"Sponsored equipment","subs":[{"id":"9.2.1","n":"Title and sponsor ownership tracking","d":"Records whether the sponsor or institution holds title to equipment and its disposition rules.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"9.2.2","n":"Use allowance for indirect cost pools","d":"Supplies depreciation by building and funding source for indirect cost rate proposals.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC197"}],"herm":["BC197","BC073"]},{"id":"9.3","n":"Leases and subscriptions","subs":[{"id":"9.3.1","n":"Lessee lease accounting","d":"Calculates right-of-use assets, lease liabilities, and amortization schedules.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.3.2","n":"Lessor lease accounting","d":"Records lease receivables and deferred inflows for space the institution leases out.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC127"},{"id":"9.3.3","n":"Subscription IT arrangement accounting","d":"Capitalizes qualifying software subscriptions under public-sector standards.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC197"},{"id":"9.3.4","n":"Lease reassessment and disclosure support","d":"Recalculate financial schedules for lease changes and produce balances and maturity data for disclosures.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC127"}],"herm":["BC197","BC127"]},{"id":"9.4","n":"Capital projects","subs":[{"id":"9.4.1","n":"Construction in progress","d":"Collects project costs as construction in progress until placed in service.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC126"},{"id":"9.4.2","n":"Project budget by funding source","d":"Budgets capital projects across bonds, gifts, state funds, and reserves.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC194"},{"id":"9.4.3","n":"Placed-in-service capitalization","d":"Converts completed project costs into depreciable assets by component.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC194"},{"id":"9.4.4","n":"Capitalized interest","d":"Capitalizes eligible interest during construction where the standard allows it.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC194"},{"id":"9.4.5","n":"Construction retainage accounting","d":"Withhold, track, and release contract retainage separately from ordinary project payments.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC126"}],"herm":["BC194","BC126"]}]},{"n":"10","name":"Position and payroll costing","desc":"Distributes salary and benefit cost from payroll to funds, grants, and projects and keeps those distributions current.","caps":[{"id":"10.1","n":"Position funding","subs":[{"id":"10.1.1","n":"Funding distribution by fund, grant, and project","d":"Splits a position's or assignment's pay across accounting strings by percent.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.1.2","n":"Effective-dated funding changes","d":"Applies funding changes from a specified date forward with history.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.1.3","n":"Default and suspense funding","d":"Routes pay to a default or suspense string when funding is missing or invalid.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.1.4","n":"Funding expiration alerts","d":"Warns when funding sources such as grants are about to end.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.1.5","n":"Salary and benefit commitments","d":"Reserve expected personnel costs against budgets and adjust commitments as payroll actuals post.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"10.1.6","n":"Personnel cost projections","d":"Project salary and benefit costs using approved staffing, funding, and rate assumptions.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC214"}],"herm":["BC214","BC174","BC190"]},{"id":"10.2","n":"Labor cost distribution","subs":[{"id":"10.2.1","n":"Payroll GL posting","d":"Posts gross pay, employer taxes, and liabilities to the ledger by earning type.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.2","n":"Fringe benefit assessment","d":"Charges benefits to funds using actual costs or composite rates.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.3","n":"Salary cap enforcement","d":"Moves salary above a sponsor's cap to institutional funds.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC073"},{"id":"10.2.4","n":"Retroactive payroll cost transfers","d":"Redistributes past pay to new funding with audit trail and justification.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.5","n":"Payroll encumbrance projection","d":"Encumbers projected salary and benefits through the end of the year or award.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.6","n":"Accrued payroll and leave liability","d":"Accrues unpaid wages and compensated absences at period end.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.7","n":"Mass funding reallocation","d":"Changes funding for many employees at once, such as after a reorganization or award change.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC214"},{"id":"10.2.8","n":"Payroll-to-ledger reconciliation","d":"Reconcile payroll costing totals and clearing accounts to source payroll results and ledger postings.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC214"}],"herm":["BC214","BC073"]}]},{"n":"11","name":"Budget and commitment control","desc":"Builds budgets, controls spending against them through encumbrances and budget checks, and supports forecasting.","caps":[{"id":"11.1","n":"Budget structure and entry","subs":[{"id":"11.1.1","n":"Multiple budget ledgers","d":"Holds original, revised, and other budget versions in separate ledgers.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.1.2","n":"Permanent and one-time budget","d":"Distinguishes base budget from temporary allocations that do not carry forward.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.1.3","n":"Budget entries and transfers","d":"Records budget adjustments and transfers with approval routing.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC190"}],"herm":["BC190"]},{"id":"11.2","n":"Commitment control","subs":[{"id":"11.2.1","n":"Pre-encumbrances and encumbrances","d":"Reserves funds from requisitions and purchase orders until spent or released.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.2.2","n":"Budget checking","d":"Checks transactions against available budget with hard, soft, or tracking-only control.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.2.3","n":"Funds available inquiry","d":"Shows budget minus actuals and encumbrances for any accounting string.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.2.4","n":"Budget override","d":"Lets authorized users override budget errors with a recorded reason.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.2.5","n":"Year-end encumbrance and budget roll","d":"Carries open encumbrances and their budget into the new fiscal year.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.2.6","n":"Cash-backed spending control","d":"Limit spending or payment authority to collected cash or other cash-supported funding balances.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC190"}],"herm":["BC190","BC249"]},{"id":"11.3","n":"Planning and forecasting","subs":[{"id":"11.3.1","n":"Operating budget development","d":"Collects department budget submissions and consolidates them for approval.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.3.2","n":"Position and salary budgeting","d":"Budgets salaries and benefits by position, including vacancies and planned increases.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.3.3","n":"Multi-year forecasting and scenarios","d":"Models future years under alternative enrollment, rate, and cost assumptions.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.3.4","n":"Incentive budget allocation","d":"Allocates revenue and indirect costs to units under responsibility-center or incentive budget models.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.3.5","n":"State appropriation tracking","d":"Tracks state appropriations, allotments, and reversion rules.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"},{"id":"11.3.6","n":"AI-assisted forecasting","d":"Generates baseline forecasts from historical patterns and drivers.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"}],"herm":["BC190","BC149"]},{"id":"11.4","n":"Budget monitoring","subs":[{"id":"11.4.1","n":"Budget-to-actual reporting","d":"Compares budget, actuals, encumbrances, and balance by accounting string.","cls":"Core","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"11.4.2","n":"Deficit and threshold alerts","d":"Notifies fund managers when balances fall below thresholds or go negative.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC190"}],"herm":["BC190","BC211"]}]},{"n":"12","name":"Reporting, audit, and compliance evidence","desc":"Provides operational and external reporting, audit trails, and evidence that internal controls operated.","caps":[{"id":"12.1","n":"Operational reporting","subs":[{"id":"12.1.1","n":"Fund and department statements","d":"Gives unit managers monthly statements of activity and balance.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.2","n":"Ad hoc query and reporting","d":"Lets authorized users build reports against finance data without developers.","cls":"Core","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.3","n":"Drill-down to source","d":"Moves from a GL balance to subledger detail to the source document.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.4","n":"Embedded dashboards","d":"Shows role-based dashboards and KPIs inside the application.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.5","n":"Natural language finance assistant","d":"Answers finance questions and builds queries from plain-language prompts within user security.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.6","n":"Grant and project inquiry","d":"Inception-to-date by award, PI and sponsor","cls":"Core","src":["G"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.7","n":"Departmental self-service","d":"Budget, requisition, expense, grant inquiry","cls":"Core","src":["G"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.8","n":"Trial balance and ledger detail","d":"Report balances and transactions by accounting period and financial dimension.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.9","n":"Historical and as-of reporting","d":"Reproduce financial balances and relevant classifications for selected historical reporting dates.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.1.10","n":"Scheduled report distribution","d":"Run and distribute financial reports on defined schedules to authorized recipients.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC211"}],"herm":["BC211"]},{"id":"12.2","n":"External and regulatory reporting","subs":[{"id":"12.2.1","n":"IPEDS finance reporting","d":"Produces data for the federal IPEDS finance survey.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.2.2","n":"State and system reporting","d":"Produces reports required by state agencies or system offices for public institutions.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.2.3","n":"Research expenditure survey support","d":"Produces data for the federal higher education research and development survey.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.2.4","n":"Form 990 support","d":"Produces data for the IRS Form 990 at private institutions.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"12.2.5","n":"UK regulatory finance returns","d":"Produces finance returns for UK funding and regulatory bodies.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC170"},{"id":"12.2.6","n":"Community college reporting","d":"Produces state and district reporting specific to community colleges.","cls":"Specialized","src":["C"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.2.7","n":"FASB nonprofit financial presentation","d":"Prepare nonprofit financial presentation and disclosure support by net-asset restriction class.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC211"},{"id":"12.2.8","n":"Indirect tax accounting and returns","d":"Calculate and report applicable VAT, GST, sales, or use tax with exemption and recovery treatment.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC191"},{"id":"12.2.9","n":"Public appropriation and expenditure reporting","d":"Prepare government-required expenditure schedules by appropriation, program, and reporting category.","cls":"Specialized","src":["P"],"herm":"BC211"}],"herm":["BC211","BC170","BC191"]},{"id":"12.3","n":"Audit trail and evidence","subs":[{"id":"12.3.1","n":"Transaction audit trail","d":"Records who created, changed, and approved each transaction and when.","cls":"Core","src":["C","P","G"],"herm":"BC163"},{"id":"12.3.2","n":"Approval evidence linked to transactions","d":"Keeps the approval history with the transaction for audit retrieval.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC163"},{"id":"12.3.3","n":"Configuration change history","d":"Logs changes to setup, rules, and security with before and after values.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC163"},{"id":"12.3.4","n":"Auditor access","d":"Gives internal and external auditors read-only access to data and evidence.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC163"},{"id":"12.3.5","n":"Document attachment and retention","d":"Stores supporting documents and applies retention schedules.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC145"},{"id":"12.3.6","n":"Retention and legal hold on financial records","d":"Journal, invoice, award files","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC145"},{"id":"12.3.7","n":"Single audit / Uniform Guidance evidence","d":"SEFA support, time-and-effort, procurement files","cls":"Expected","src":["G"],"herm":"BC163"}],"herm":["BC163","BC145"]},{"id":"12.4","n":"Internal controls","subs":[{"id":"12.4.1","n":"Segregation of duties analysis","d":"Detects conflicting role combinations and prevents or reports them.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC168"},{"id":"12.4.2","n":"Control documentation and attestation","d":"Records key controls, owners, and periodic sign-off.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC168"},{"id":"12.4.3","n":"Continuous control monitoring","d":"Tests transactions and configuration automatically against control rules and raises exceptions.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC168"},{"id":"12.4.4","n":"AI-assisted financial anomaly detection","d":"Flag unusual transaction patterns with explanations and retain human investigation outcomes.","cls":"Emerging","src":["P"],"herm":"BC144"}],"herm":["BC168","BC163","BC144"]}]},{"n":"13","name":"Workflow","desc":"Routes finance transactions and master data for review and approval and manages the resulting tasks.","caps":[{"id":"13.1","n":"Approval routing","subs":[{"id":"13.1.1","n":"Routing by accounting ownership","d":"Sends items to approvers based on fund, organization, or award ownership.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.2","n":"Amount-based escalation","d":"Adds approval levels as amounts cross thresholds.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.3","n":"Delegation and proxy","d":"Lets approvers delegate authority for a period with full audit trail.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.4","n":"Parallel, sequential, and ad hoc approvers","d":"Supports multiple approval patterns and inserting reviewers on the fly.","cls":"Expected","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.5","n":"Mobile approvals","d":"Lets approvers review and act on items from a phone.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.6","n":"Transaction change reapproval","d":"Restart required approvals when material transaction details change after approval.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.7","n":"Return, rejection, and resubmission","d":"Return transactions for correction or reject them while preserving comments and submission history.","cls":"Core","src":["P"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.1.8","n":"Conditional evidence requirements","d":"Require specified documentation or attestations based on transaction type, amount, or funding conditions.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC216"}],"herm":["BC216"]},{"id":"13.2","n":"Workflow administration","subs":[{"id":"13.2.1","n":"Configurable process definitions","d":"Lets administrators change steps, conditions, and approvers without code.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.2.2","n":"Stalled item escalation","d":"Reminds and escalates items that sit past service targets.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.2.3","n":"Workflow history","d":"Records every step, action, and comment on each routed item.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"}],"herm":["BC216"]},{"id":"13.3","n":"Tasks and notifications","subs":[{"id":"13.3.1","n":"Unified worklist","d":"Gives each user one inbox of items awaiting their action.","cls":"Core","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.3.2","n":"Email and collaboration notifications","d":"Sends alerts and actionable notices through email or collaboration tools.","cls":"Expected","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.3.3","n":"Financial exception case tracking","d":"Assign exceptions to owners and track comments, required actions, and resolution.","cls":"Expected","src":["P"],"herm":"BC216"}],"herm":["BC216"]},{"id":"13.4","n":"Intelligent automation","subs":[{"id":"13.4.1","n":"Rule-based task automation","d":"Automates repetitive steps such as data entry and status updates with bots or rules.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.4.2","n":"AI agents with human approval","d":"Has AI agents prepare or carry out finance tasks that a person approves before posting.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC144"},{"id":"13.4.3","n":"Approval recommendations","d":"Suggests approve, reject, or review based on risk signals and history.","cls":"Emerging","src":["C"],"herm":"BC216"},{"id":"13.4.4","n":"AI-assisted transaction preparation","d":"Suggest coding, descriptions, and next actions for user review without bypassing financial controls.","cls":"Emerging","src":["P"],"herm":"BC144"}],"herm":["BC216","BC144"]}]},{"n":"14","name":"Integration, security, and operations","desc":"Covers interfaces to companion systems, access control, deployment and tenancy, upgrade model, and operational resilience.","caps":[{"id":"14.1","n":"Integration","subs":[{"id":"14.1.1","n":"Documented APIs","d":"Exposes finance objects and transactions through supported REST or SOAP APIs.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.2","n":"Event notifications","d":"Publishes business events or webhooks when finance records change.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.3","n":"Bulk file import and export","d":"Loads and extracts high-volume data through scheduled file interfaces.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.4","n":"Integration platform support","d":"Provides connectors or a native integration platform for building and monitoring interfaces.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.5","n":"Companion system interfaces","d":"Supports interfaces to the student system, HR system, research administration, and advancement.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.6","n":"Bank connectivity","d":"Exchanges payment and statement files with banks through secure direct connections.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.7","n":"Analytics data extraction","d":"Feeds finance data to an institutional warehouse or lake on a schedule or in near real time.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.8","n":"Integration error handling and replay","d":"Monitor failed exchanges and support correction, duplicate prevention, and controlled reprocessing.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.9","n":"Interface control totals","d":"Verify record counts and financial totals between source systems, interfaces, and posted target transactions.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.10","n":"Bulk financial data exchange","d":"Import and export financial records through validated batch files or bulk services.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.1.11","n":"Data portability and exit extraction","d":"Export financial records, configuration references, attachments, and audit history in documented usable formats.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"}],"herm":["BC204","BC143"]},{"id":"14.2","n":"Identity and access","subs":[{"id":"14.2.1","n":"Federated single sign-on","d":"Authenticates through the campus identity provider using SAML or OpenID Connect.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC139"},{"id":"14.2.2","n":"Multi-factor authentication","d":"Requires a second factor for sign-in or sensitive actions.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC139"},{"id":"14.2.3","n":"Role and data-level security","d":"Restricts access by role and by accounting values such as fund or organization.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC139"},{"id":"14.2.4","n":"Sensitive field masking","d":"Hides bank, tax ID, and personal data from users who do not need it.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC138"},{"id":"14.2.5","n":"Access review and certification","d":"Runs periodic reviews where managers confirm or remove user access.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC139"},{"id":"14.2.6","n":"Security logging and monitoring integration","d":"Export authentication, access, and administrative events to institutional security monitoring services.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC138"},{"id":"14.2.7","n":"Privileged and service-account controls","d":"Limit elevated and machine access using scoped permissions, credential controls, and activity records.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC138"}],"herm":["BC139","BC138"]},{"id":"14.3","n":"Deployment and tenancy","subs":[{"id":"14.3.1","n":"Deployment model","d":"Runs as multi-tenant SaaS, vendor-hosted single tenant, or on-premises.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.3.2","n":"Multi-campus tenancy","d":"Supports several campuses or institutions in one tenant with data separation.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.3.3","n":"Non-production environments","d":"Provides sandbox and test environments with refresh from production.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.3.4","n":"Data residency","d":"Keeps data in a stated country or region.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.3.5","n":"Configuration change promotion","d":"Move approved configuration changes between environments with version history and deployment evidence.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"}],"herm":["BC204","BC203"]},{"id":"14.4","n":"Upgrade and extensibility model","subs":[{"id":"14.4.1","n":"Release cadence","d":"Delivers updates on a fixed vendor schedule or on an institution-controlled timeline.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC203"},{"id":"14.4.2","n":"Configuration over customization","d":"Separates supported configuration from code changes that complicate upgrades.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","G"],"herm":"BC203"},{"id":"14.4.3","n":"Low-code extensions","d":"Lets institutions add fields, objects, pages, and logic that survive upgrades.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC203"},{"id":"14.4.4","n":"Automated regression testing","d":"Provides or supports automated tests to validate each release.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC203"},{"id":"14.4.5","n":"Integration version compatibility","d":"Document interface versions, deprecation timelines, and compatibility expectations across releases.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC203"}],"herm":["BC203"]},{"id":"14.5","n":"Operations and resilience","subs":[{"id":"14.5.1","n":"Job scheduling and monitoring","d":"Schedules batch processes and alerts on failures.","cls":"Platform","src":["C","P"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.5.2","n":"Backup and disaster recovery","d":"Commits to recovery point and recovery time objectives with tested failover.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC161"},{"id":"14.5.3","n":"Security log export","d":"Sends sign-in and activity logs to the campus security monitoring system.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.5.4","n":"Third-party attestations","d":"Provides SOC reports and public-sector cloud authorizations where applicable.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.5.5","n":"Accessibility conformance","d":"Meets WCAG accessibility requirements and documents conformance.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.5.6","n":"Embedded AI controls","d":"Lets administrators enable, scope, and audit AI features and governs how institutional data is used.","cls":"Platform","src":["C"],"herm":"BC204"},{"id":"14.5.7","n":"Performance and capacity management","d":"Monitor transaction response, batch throughput, resource limits, and peak-period capacity.","cls":"Platform","src":["P"],"herm":"BC204"}],"herm":["BC204","BC161"]}]}]}